Software Testing-Testing Life Cycles
Before going to the Testing Life Cycle in Software Testing,
we need to know how the software is developed and its Life Cycle in Software Testing.
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is also called as
the Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC) in Software Testing.
The SDLC in Software Testing has 6 phases:-
They are:- a)Initial Phase in Software Testing b)Analysis Phase in Software Testing c)Design Phase in Software Testing d)Coding Phase in Software Testing e)Testing Phase in Software Testing f)Delivery & Maintenance Phase in Software Testing
Now let Us discuss each phase in detail:-- a)Initial Phase in Software Testing:- (i)Gathering the Requirements:- The Business Analyst(BA) will gather the information of the company through one template which is predefined and goes to client.
He would collect all the information of what has to be developed and in
how many days and all the basic requirements of the company.
For the proof of his collection of information the Business Analyst(BA) would prepare one document called as
BDD in Software Testing:--Business Development Design BRS in Software Testing:--Business Requirement Specification URS in Software Testing:--User Requirement Specification CRS in Software Testing:--Customer Requirement Specification
All are the same.
(ii)Discussing the Financial Terms and Conditions:--
The Engagement Manager(EM) would discuss all the Financial Matters.
b)Analysis Phase in Software Testing:-
In this phase the BDD document is taken as the input.
In this phase 4 steps are done. (i)Analyse the requirements in Software Testing:-In this step all the requirements are analysed and studyed. (ii)Feasibility Study in Software Testing:-Feasibility means the possibility of the project developing. (iii)Deciding Technology in Software Testing:-Deciding which techonology has to be used for example:
Either to use the SUN or Microsoft Technology etc: (iv)Estimation in Software Testing:-Estimating the resources.for example:-Time,Number of people etc:
During the Analysis Phase the Project Manager prepares the PROJECT PLAN.
The output document for this phase is the Software Requirements Specification(SRS).
The detailed document of SRS in Software Testing is http://www.etestinghub.com/srs.php -
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Each stage is initiated by a kickoff meeting, which can be
conducted either in person, or by Web teleconference. The purpose of
the kickoff meeting is to review the output of the previous stage, go
over any additional inputs required by that particular stage, examine
the anticipated activities and required outputs of the current stage,
review the current project schedule, and review any open issues. The
Primary Developer Representative is responsible for preparing the
agenda and materials to be presented at this meeting. All project
participants are invited to attend the kickoff meeting for each stage.
Informal Iteration Process: Most of the creative work for
a stage occurs here. Participants work together to gather additional
information and refine stage inputs into draft deliverables.
Activities of this stage may include interviews, meetings, the
generation of prototypes, and electronic correspondence. All of these
communications are deemed informal, and are not recorded as minutes,
documents of record, controlled software, or official memoranda.
The intent here is to encourage, rather than inhibit the communication
process. This process concludes when the majority of participants agree
that the work is substantially complete and it is time to generate
draft deliverables for formal review and comment.
Formal Iteration Process
In this process, draft deliverables are generated for formal review and
comment. Each deliverable was introduced during the kickoff process,
and is intended to satisfy one or more outputs for the current stage.
Each draft deliverable is given a version number and placed under
configuration management control.
As participants review the draft deliverables, they are responsible for
reporting errors found and concerns they may have to the Primary
Developer Representative via electronic mail. The Primary Developer
Representative in turn consolidates these reports into a series of
issues associated with a specific version of a deliverable. The person
in charge of developing the deliverable works to resolve these issues
then releases another version of the deliverable for review. This
process iterates until all issues are resolved for each deliverable.
There are no formal check off / signature forms for this part of the
process. The intent here is to encourage review and feedback.
At the discretion of the Primary Developer Representative and Primary
End-user Representative, certain issues may be reserved for resolution
in later stages of the development lifecycle. These issues are
disassociated from the specific deliverable, and tagged as "open
issues." Open issues are reviewed during the kickoff meeting for each
subsequent stage.
Once all issues against a deliverable have been resolved or moved to
open status, the final (release) draft of the deliverable is prepared
and submitted to the Primary Developer Representative. When final
drafts of all required stage outputs have been received, the Primary
Developer Representative reviews the final suite of deliverables,
reviews the amount of labor expended against this stage of the project,
and uses this information to update the project plan.
The project plan update includes a detailed list of tasks, their
schedule and estimated level of effort for the next stage. The stages
following the next stage (out stages) in the project plan are updated
to include a high level estimate of schedule and level of effort, based
on current project experience.
Out stages are maintained at a high level in the project plan, and are
included primarily for informational purposes; direct experience has
shown that it is very difficult to accurately plan detailed tasks and
activities for out stages in a software development lifecycle. The
updated project plan and schedule is a standard deliverable for each
stage of the project. The Primary Developer Representative then
circulates the updated project plan and schedule for review and
comment, and iterates these documents until all issues have been
resolved or moved to open status.
Once the project plan and schedule has been finalized, all final
deliverables for the current stage are made available to all project
participants, and the Primary Developer Representative initiates the
next process.
In-stage Assessment Process:
This is the formal quality assurance review process for each stage in
Software Testing. In a small software development project, the
deliverables for each stage are generally small enough that it is not
cost effective to review them for compliance with quality assurance
standards before the deliverables have been fully developed. As a
result, only one in-stage assessment is scheduled for each stage.
This process is initiated when the Primary Developer Representative
schedules an in-stage assessment with the independent Quality Assurance
Reviewer (QAR), a selected End-user Reviewer (usually a Subject Matter
Expert), and a selected Technical Reviewer.
These reviewers formally review each deliverable to make judgments as
to the quality and validity of the work product, as well as its
compliance with the standards defined for deliverables of that class.
Deliverable class standards are defined in the software quality
assurance section of the project plan.
The End-user Reviewer is tasked with verifying the completeness and
accuracy of the deliverable in terms of desired software functionality.
The Technical Reviewer determines whether the deliverable contains
complete and accurate technical information.
The QA Reviewer is tasked solely with verifying the completeness and
compliance of the deliverable against the associated deliverable class
standard.
The QAR may make recommendations, but cannot raise formal issues that do not relate to the deliverable standard.
Each reviewer follows a formal checklist during their review,
indicating their level of concurrence with each review item in the
checklist. Refer to the software quality assurance plan for this
project for deliverable class standards and associated review
checklists. A deliverable is considered to be acceptable when each
reviewer indicates substantial or unconditional concurrence with the
content of the deliverable and the review checklist items.
Any issues raised by the reviewers against a specific deliverable will
be logged and relayed to the personnel responsible for generation of
the deliverable. The revised deliverable will then be released to
project participants for another formal review iteration. Once all
issues for the deliverable have been addressed, the deliverable will be
resubmitted to the reviewers for reassessment. Once all three reviewers
have indicated concurrence with the deliverable, the Primary Developer
Representative will release a final in-stage assessment report and
initiate the next process. Stage Exit Process in Software Testing:
The stage exit is the vehicle for securing the concurrence of principal
project participants to continue with the project and move forward into
the next stage of development. The purpose of a stage exit is to allow
all personnel involved with the project to review the current project
plan and stage deliverables, provide a forum to raise issues and
concerns, and to ensure an acceptable action plan exists for all open
issues.
The process begins when the Primary Developer Representative notifies
all project participants that all deliverables for the current stage
have been finalized and approved via the In-Stage Assessment report.
The Primary Developer Representative then schedules a stage exit review
with the project executive sponsor and the Primary End-user
Representative as a minimum. All interested participants are free to
attend the review as well. This meeting may be conducted in person or
via Web teleconference.
The stage exit process ends with the receipt of concurrence from the
designated approvers to proceed to the next stage. This is generally
accomplished by entering the minutes of the exit review as a formal
document of record, with either physical or digital signatures of the
project executive sponsor, the Primary End-User Representative, and the
Primary Developer Representative.
The initial steps to get a project is one of our Organization Business
Analysts will go to Client place and he collects all the requirements
and negotiate with the Clients regarding project and once it is
approved he prepares documents like Project Proposal, Statement of
Work, User Requirements Document and Business Rules. So these are the
initial documents for any project.
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